https://urkesh.org/MZ/A/JP/D/^/escarpment1.htm

JP – The Temple Plaza and Terrace Edge (Version 1a)

JP^escarpment1

Processed on 2026-06-26

1. OVERVIEW

Roster Date Author Record
Includes other label 2026-03-04 pC J1f196
J1f309
J1f318
J5f188
J5f225
J5f265
J5f293 [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Best definition 2026-03-04 !! escarpment [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Summary 2026-03-04 pC early stone and earth escarpment built together with ^wall6 and ^wall13, abutting and protecting its base. It slopes sharply south. [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Best image 2026-03-04 pC [Input: ZK304pC.j]
2026-03-04 pC [Input: ZK304pC.j]
2026-03-04 pC [Input: ZK304pC.j]
2026-03-04 pC [Input: ZK304pC.j]

2. IDENTIFICATION

Designation

Roster Date Author Record
Definition 2026-03-04 pC escarpment [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Description (summary) 2026-03-04 pC Its stone-built portion occurs along the western curve of Revetment Wall ^wall6, where runoff water would have posed the greatest risk of erosion at the foot of the wall. The escarpment has a polygonal plan and is composed of three segments constructed of large and medium-sized, angular stones with relatively flat surfaces, arranged in three to five low steps. The first segment measures 1.66 m in length, the second 9 m, and the third 8.85 m, giving a total preserved length of 19.51 m. Each segment changes direction slightly, by only a few degrees, to the east, following the curvature of the revetment wall. In the western segment, the stones are arranged as a series of clearly defined steps. Here the escarpment reaches its maximum width of 2.80 m and rises through a height of approximately 55 cm. The lowest step lies at an elevation of about 8720 m, while the highest reaches approximately 8800 m. The second and third segments consist of three rows of stones, approximately 1.50 m wide. In these sections, the steps are much lower, spanning only about 0.20 m in height, between elevations of approximately 8750 m and 8770 m. In the western portion, a single obliquely set stone is positioned between the fifth step and Wall ^wall13. Its upper end is inserted into the lowest visible course of ^wall13. No comparable oblique stones were identified elsewhere within Stone ^escarpment1. It is therefore possible that similar stones originally bridged the gap between ^wall6 and the stepped surface of the escarpment but were subsequently removed or lost. West of the stone-built section, the escarpment continues as an earthen slope that covers the base of Revetment ^wall6. The earthen escarpment extends between the elevation of approximately 8700 m to 8600 m. It consists of a sequence of deliberately laid deposits forming a steep slope between the base of the revetment wall and the plaza surface. The uppermost layer is composed of very compact clay containing numerous small pebbles and occasional charcoal fragments. The underlying deposits consist of material derived from the surrounding area, including fragments of mudbrick, medium- to large-sized stones, loose sandy soil, and pottery sherds. [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Volumetric description 2026-03-04 pC at the base of revetment wall in the western portion of the plaza in J1 and J5 [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Quantity of components 2026-03-04 pC 5 steps [Input: ZK304pC.j]
List of components 2026-03-04 pC Step 1: 2.50 m wide, consisting of 4 medium size stones, the first western stone is half covered by soil. Step 2: 9.50 m wide, 12 medium stones. A few stones have slipped from their original position by about 5-10 cm. Step 3: 14.60 m wide, 21 medium sized stones, beginning in the west (as step 1 and 2) under a thick accumulation. The step ends abruptly in the east. Step 4: 14 m wide, begins with a large stone partly covered by soil under ^stair3 and laid in an alternative direction to the others. Similar to steps 1, 2 and 3, it keeps a north-west south-east direction and continues as a step with 20 large to medium sized flagstones with a tread height of about 0.20 m in the western portion. Stone 15 of step 4 is a large block set on a position where the entire structure changes direction and bends slightly to the east with a further 5 stones. Step 5: 12.45 m wide, starts under a thick layer of soil under the first step of ^stair3. It starts with 4 medium sized flagstones, not laid in a regular row. The step continue to the south-east under a thick accumulation below ^wall11. Fourteen large and medium sized stones follow the same direction as step 4, 3 and 2 and the 6th stone is a large block set higher than the others (0.23 m high). Under this large stone and its western neighbor, other rough undressed stones are visible. The first visible western stone of step 5 touches the lower visible course of ^wall6, but then turn away 0.20 m from the wall and from its base (^wall8). Step 5 ends abruptly in the east, where the last 3 stones of this step have slipped about 0.30 m to the south. A stone found 1 m to the east is probably still part of this step. [Input: ZK304pC.j]

3. STRATIGRAPHY

Volumetric Localization

Roster Date Author Record
Elevation 2026-03-04 pC 8675 bottom earth escarpment [Input: ZK304pC.j]
2026-03-04 pC 8720 top earth escarpment [Input: ZK304pC.j]
2026-03-04 pC 8723 bottom stone escarpment [Input: ZK304pC.j]
2026-03-04 pC 8792 top stone escarpment [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Notes on volumetric localization 2026-03-04 pC elevations and measurements are taken from measured drawings [Input: ZK304pC.j]

Axial Definition

Roster Date Author Record
Orientation 2026-03-04 pC E-W [Input: ZK304pC.j]

Contact Association

Roster Date Author Record
Notes on contact association 2026-03-04 pC abuts ^wall13, abuts ^wall6 [Input: ZK304pC.j]

Time Sequencing

Roster Date Author Record
Phase (to which element belongs) 2026-03-04 pC EDIII [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Stratigraphic reasons of assignment 2026-03-04 pC (reason of date) [Input: ZK304pC.j]

4. TYPOLOGY

Measurements

Roster Date Author Record
Height 2026-03-04 pC 55 cm [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Length 2026-03-04 pC 19.51 m [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Width 2026-03-04 pC 2.80 m [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Size, other 2026-03-04 pC 225x40x30 70x45x15 cm [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Notes on measurement 2026-03-04 pC size of stones large, medium [Input: ZK304pC.j]

Morphology

Roster Date Author Record
Ware or Material, species 2026-03-04 pC lime stone and earth [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Shape, form 2026-03-04 pC rectangular and square, but irregualr [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Texture, surface finish 2026-03-04 pC smooth and flat for most of the stones [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Condition 2026-03-04 pC well preserved in the central and western portions, to the south and east damaged [Input: ZK304pC.j]

Function

Roster Date Author Record
Generic function (1st degree of specificity) 2026-03-04 pC protect base of revetment wall from ersoion [Input: ZK304pC.j]

5. TREATMENT

Conservation

Roster Date Author Record
Procedures employed 2026-03-04 pC (conservation procedures employed) [Input: ZK304pC.j]

Site Presentation

Roster Date Author Record
Notes on conservation or analysis 2026-03-04 pC (notes on reference) [Input: ZK304pC.j]

6. REFERENCE

Files and Publications

Roster Date Author Record
Project publications 2026-03-04 pC (project publications) [Input: ZK304pC.j]

7. INTEGRATIVE

Comparative

Roster Date Author Record
Sites 2026-03-04 pC (comparative sites) [Input: ZK304pC.j]
Typologies 2026-03-04 pC (comparative typologies) [Input: ZK304pC.j]